The bottom line
Death
the all equalising bottom line,
that separates, withholding hope
and without effort to give hope.

About procedures -1
About procedures -2
About procedures -3
About procedures -4


JANAZAH GUIDE, an edited compilation of four articles
explaining the principles of death and burial for a Muslim *.
Some matters not covered in one article may be covered in an other.

Muslim * .
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From life into death


WHAT SHOULD BE DONE WHEN SOMEONE DIES
Extracted from : Fiqh us-Sunnah :
FUNERALS AND DHIKIR by : As-Sayyid Sabiq

Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un
[Verily we belong to Allah, and truly to Him shall we return]


The following are the sunnah that Islam encourage us to do over a dying person :
1. Advise the dying person to say "La ilaha illa-Allah" (there is no god but Allah). The purpose is to remind him of the Oneness of Allah. Muadh ibn Jabal states that the messenger of Allah, (pbuh) said, "He whose last words are 'La ilaha illa-Allah', shall enter Paradise." [Abu Daw'ud; Al-Hakim - a sound hadith]. But one who is unable to speak might say these words in his heart. The scholars are of the opinion that no pressure should be put on the dying person.
2. Lay the dying person so that the qibla is on his right side.
Ahmad reported to Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet (pbuh) at the time of her death, turned towards the Ka'abah and placed her right hand under her head. This is the sleeping position recommended by he Prophet (pbuh) and in the grave, a dead body should also be placed in the same position. A report recorded from Ash-Shafi's says; The body of the deceased should be laid flat on his back with his feet towards the Ka'abah and his face raised a little, facing it. The majority of scholars, however favor the first position and hold it to be preferable.
3. Recite Surah Yaasin from the Qur'an.
This is reported by Ahmad, Abu Daw'ud , Nasa'I, Al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban and the last two of them grade it as a sound hadith. The recitation of yaasin is for those on the eve of death and not for those already dead. This interpretation is supported by Ahmad, who recorded in his Al-Musnad that Safwan states ; "The most eminent scholars say : 'The recitation of Surah Yaasin at the time of the person's death makes death easy for him'".
4. Close the eyes of the deceased.
It is narrated by Muslim that the Prophet (pbuh) went to visit Abu Salmah. He saw that his eyes were wide open and blank with the stare of death. So Prophet (pbuh) closed his eyes and said: "Verily, when a soul is siezed, the eyesight follows it."
5. Cover the deceased.
Aishah said " When the Messenger of Allah died, he was covered with a piece of cloth that had some design on it. " [hadith by Bukhari and Muslim]. The objective is clearly to safeguard the respect and dignity of the deceased in death against prying eyes and against the exposure of his or her body to the idle curiosity of those looking for changes in its physical condition and features. There is consensus among scholars regarding the permissibility of kissing a dead person. The Prophet (pbuh) kissed 'Uthman ibn Maz'un after his death. Similarly, when the Prophet (pbuh) died, Abu Bakr leaned over him and kissed him between his eyes saying: " O my Prophet! O my best friend!!".
6. Prepare the body for burial without delay.
The guardian of the deceased should wash, wrap and arrange for the burial of the body soon after the funeral prayer for the deceased because the body might deteriorate if burial is delayed. This is based on a report recorded by Abu Daw'ud from al-Husayn ibn Wujuh that when Talhah ibn al-Bara fell ill, the Prophet (pbuh) said, " I see that Talhah ibn al-Bara is on the verge of death. Inform me about him (when he passes away) and make immediate preparations for his burial for a Muslim's remains should not be left with his family afterhis death". The burial may be delayed only for the guadian, provided no physical deterioration in the conditionof the body is feared from such delay.
7. Settle the debt of the deceased.
Ahmad Ibn Majah and Tarmidhi have recorded a hadith on the authority of Abu Hurairah that the messanger of Allah said :" A believer's soul remain in suspense until all his debts are paid off." [sound hadith]. This applies to a person who leaves some property upon his death. His debt should be paid out of the property that he leaves behind. If not, the debt may be paid from the public exchequer out of the zakah funds specified as a portion for the people in debt. (zakah recipients).

At the death of a muslim person, a believer should :
1. Invoke Allah and say : "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un".
Ahmad and Muslim reported from Umm Salmah that she said : "I heard the Prophet (pbuh) saying : "If a servant of Allah is afflicted with a misfortune and says:[Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un, Allahumma ajirni fi musibati wa akhlif li khairan minha] -'Verily we belong to Allah and truly to Him shall we return. O Allah! Protect me in this calamity that has befallen me and replace it with something better,'. - Allah will accept his prayer, grant him reward for his affliction and replace it with something better." She added "When Abu Salmah (her husband died, I invoked allah in the words taught to me by the Prophet (pbuh) and Allah grant me someone better than he, i.e (He gave mw) the Messenger of Allah (as a husband)."
2. Informing the deceased's family and friends.
The scholars consider it desirable that the deceased's family, friends and other good people be informed about his death, so that they may share in the reward of participating in his funeral.
3. Weeping over the dead.
Muslim scholars are agreed that weeping for the dead is permissible, whereas crying and wailing are not. It is reported in a sound hadith that the prophet (pbuh) said, " Allah does not punish a person for shedding tears or feeling pain in his heart. But He does punish, though he may show mercy, because (what he utters with) this," and then he pointed to his tongue. The Prophet (pbuh) wept on the death of his son, Ibrahim and said: " The eyes shed tears and the heart feels pain, but we utter only what pleases our Lord. O Ibrahim! We are aggrieved at your demise." He also wept when his grand daughter, Umaymah, daughter of Zainab died. At this Sa'ad ibn 'Ubaidah said: "O Messenger of Allah! Are you weeping? Did you not forbid Zainab from weeping?" The Prophet (pbuh) replied: "This (weeping) is the mercy that Allah has placed in the hearts of His servants. And surely Allah bestows mercy upon those who are merciful among His servants." It is reported from Ibn 'Umar that when 'Umar was stabbed and he became unconscious the people around him began crying loudly. When he regained consciousness he said to them: "Don't you know that the Messenger of Allah said: ' A dead person is tormented by the wailing of the living'."
4. Mourning for a deceased.
It is permissible for a woman to mourn for a period of three days on the death of a near relative, provided that her husband does not object to her doing so. It is not permissible for her to mourn for more than three days, except in the case of her husband's death, when she is to mourn for four months and ten days, which is a legally prescribed period of waiting (iddah). This is reported by the group except Tirmidhi. They report from Umm 'Attiyah, that the Messenger of Allah said: " A woman should not mourn for any deceased person for more than three days, except in the case of her husband death, which she may mourn for a period of four months and ten days. Such a woman is not to wear any brightly colored dress. She may wear only plain dress. During this period she should not use any adornment or eye make-up, nor wear any perfume, nor dye her hands and feet with henna, nor comb her hair, except at the end of her menstruation period, when she may use some cleaning or refreshing agents such as perfume, etc) to get rid of any offensive smell left over from her period."
5. Preparing food for the bereaved family is encouraged.
Abdullah ibn Ja'far reported that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: "Prepare some food for the family of Ja'far, for what has befallen them is keeping them preoccupied." [Abu Daw'ud, Ibn Majah and Tirmidhi -sound hadith]. The prophet (pbuh) recommended this practice for it is an act of virtue and kindness and brings friends and neighbors closer to each other. Ash-Shafi'I said; "it is recommended that the relatives of the deceased prepare enough food to feed all the deceased's family for one day and night, for it is the sunnah of the Prophet (pbuh) and a practice of good people." All the scholars disapprove of the deceased's family preparing food for the people coming to pay their condolences, for it adds to their grief and further encumbers them unnecessarily.
6. Preparing the kafan (shroud) and grave before death
Reported on the authority of Sahl, Bukhari says: "A woman came to the Prophet (pbuh) with a woven piece of cloth that had two seams on its edges. She said: 'I wove it with my own hands in order to wear it.' The Prophet (pbuh) took it because he needed it. He wrapped it around his waist so that it covered the lower half of his body, and he came towards us. A man praised it , saying: 'This is a very nice cloth! Why don't you give it to me to wear?' Some of the people present there reproached the man for they knew that the Prophet (pbuh) needed that cloth and that he never denied anyone's requested. The man replied: 'By Allah, I asked him for it not to wear it, but to save it and use it as my kafan.' Sahl continues: "And (later when he died) that same piece cloth was used as his kafan." Ahmad said: " There is nothing wrong if a person purchases a site for his burial and makes a will to the effect that he is to be buried there. 'Uthman, 'Aishah and 'Umar ibn Abd al-'Aziz all did so."

Preparation for the burial of the dead:

The body of the deceased person must be :
1. washed
2. shrouded (kafan)
3. funeral prayer
4. Buried

Wash the dead body
The majority of jurists are of the opinion that washing the body of a dead Muslim is a fard kifayah (collective obligation). If some people attend to it, it is done on behalf of all, as commanded by Allah's Messenger (pbuh) and practiced by the Muslim community.
Procedures :
1. Recommended to place the body on an elevated surface i.e a table or a board.
2. The clothes should be stripped and then covered his/her awrah with a cloth.
3. The washer, male or female must be a trustworthy and pious person who will not broadcast what he or she might see except what is good.
4. The washer must utter his/her intention to wash the body of a specific person.
5. The entire body must be washed with water regardless whether the deceased is a male and needed a ritual bath or female who was menstruating at the time she died.
6. The washer should use a wash cloth or wrap his/her hand with it because taouching the private parts of the dead is haram (forbidden).
7. Begin by lightly pressing the stomach of the deceased so as to expel any remnants from it and then wash the body of all impurities. The Prophet (pbuh) is reported to have said: "Begin washing the dead by washing organs on the right, and those parts that are washed in ablution." This is in order to crystalize the mark of the believer's parts of the body always washed during wudhu ( ablution) that will shine forth brightly on the Day of Judgement.
8. Beginning from the right side, the body should be washed with soap and water, three times. The washer may wash five times or any odd numbers if he/she feel not enough to cleanse the body.
9. After having washed the body, it should be dried with a clean cloth lest the shroud should get wet.
If there is no water to wash the dead body, then it may be cleaned with tayammum (ablution with dust).

Al-Kafan (shroud)
Shrouding the body of the deceased, even it be with just one piece of cloth is a collective obligation (fard kifayah) of the Muslims. Bukhari narrated from Khabbab that he said: "We migrated with Allah's messenger (pbuh) seeking Allah's pleasure , and we hope He will reward us for that. In the meanwhile some of us died and received no reward in this life. One of them was Musa'ab ibn 'Umayr, who was killed in the Battle of Uhud. We did not find anything to shroud him in except a piece of cloth. When we covered his head, his feet would show, and if we covered his feet, his head would show. Allah's messenger (pbuh) ordered us to use the cloth to cover his head with it and cover his feet with some grass.

Preferable practices in shrouding ;
1. The shroud should be nice, clean and large enough to cover the entire body.
2. A shroud should be white. Recorded by Ahmad, Abu daw'ud and Tirmidhi on the authority of ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet (pbuh) said : "Wear white clothes for these are your best clothes and enshroud your dead in them." [sound hadith].
3. The shroud should be scented and perfumed. Ahmad and Al-Hakim in accordance with Jabir's narration that the Prophet (pbuh) said: "If you perfume a dead body, do it three times."[sound hadith].
4. The shroud should be three wrap for a man and five wraps for a woman. Narrated by the group from 'Aishah who said: "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was wrapped in three pieces of new white sheets of cloth from Yemen without a shirt or a turban." But one wrap may suffice if nothing else is available. Ibn Al-Mundhir said: "Most of the scholars, our teachers are the of the opinion that a woman should be shrouded in five sheets of cloth."

Other related topic on shrouding the dead :
shrouding a pilgrim extravagance in shrouding is disliked example using silk cloth who should buy the shroud cloth?

Funeral prayers
There is a consensus among all the great Muslim jurists that a funeral prayer for a deceased person is a collective obligation (fard kifayah). Abu Hurairah reported that when the Prophet (pbuh) was informed of the death of a person, he used to ask: "'Does he owe anything to anyone?' If the answer was in the affirmative, he would then ask:'Has he (the deceased) left anything to settle his debt?' If he had left something to settle his debt, he would offer the funeral prayer for him. Otherwise he would say to the Muslims: 'Offer a (funeral) prayer for your brother'." [Bukhari and Muslim]

The prerequisites for the funeral prayer:
1. person must be in the state of purity and cover his/her awrah.
2. Stand facing the Ka'abah.
3. There is no fixed time of funeral prayer. This is the opinion of the Hanafi and Shafi'I schools. Ahmad, Ibn Al-Mubarak and Ishaq dislike to offer the prayer at sunrise, at noon and at dusk except in the cases when it is feared that if delayed, the body might decompose.

Main requirement of the funeral prayer:
1. Intention
The real intention is what is in the heart and its verbal utterance is not legally required. 2. Standing Prayer
The majority of scholars regard it is as essential condition for a valid funeral prayer to stand while praying if one is physically able to do so. A funeral prayer offered while sitting or riding, without any valid excuse, is not valid. It is preferable to put one's hands together, placing the right on the left, as is done in the prescribed regular prayer. 3. Loud recitation of four Takbirs.
This is based on a report transmitted by both Bukhari and Muslim on the authority of Jabir who said: "Allah's Messenger (pbuh) offered funeral prayers for Najashi (Negus) and said four takbirs.
4. Fold your right hands with a takbir (takbiratul ihram).
5. Commence the funeral prayer with the (silent) recitation of Al-Fatihah.
6. After Al-fatihah say another takbir.
7. Offer salutations to the Prophet (pbuh0 and end with a takbir.
8. Now supplicate for the deceased, and end with a takbir.
9. Make a general supplication.
10. End the prayer with salutations (to the right and to the left side).
Imam's position : It is sunnah for the imam to stand opposite the head of a male body and opposite the middle of a female body. This is based on a hadith reported from Anas that he offered a funeral prayer for a male standing opposite his head. As soon as the body of the man was removed, a female body was brought in for funeral prayer. He led the prayer standing opposite the middle of her body.

Recommended rows of funeral prayers:
It is recommended that the people should make three rows of minimum two people per rows while offering a funeral prayer. But a larger gathering of people for the funeral prayer is preferable, as is reported by 'Aishah who said: "The Prophet (pbuh) said, 'If a Muslim dies and his funeral prayer is attended by a group of a hundred Muslims and they all sincerely pray for his forgiveness, he is forgiven'." This is narrated by Ahmad, Muslim and Tirmidhi.

Actions to be discouraged in a Funeral procession :
Burial
Again, the is a consensus that it is a collective obligation (fard kifayah) to bury the dead body and covering it.

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From life into death

From Quran. Surah : aya ref. :

30:36. When We give men a taste of Mercy they exult thereat: and when some evil afflicts them because of what their hands have sent forth behold they are in despair!
59:18. O ye who believe! Fear Allah and let every soul look to what he has sent forth for the morrow. Yea fear Allah: for Allah is well-acquainted with (all) they ye do.
6:51. Give the warning to those in whose (hearts) is the fear that they will be brought before their Lord: except from Him they will have no protector nor intercessor: that they may guard (against evil).
22:10. (And unto him it will be said): "This is because of the deeds which thy hands sent forth for verily Allah is not unjust to His servants.
59:20. Not equal are the owners of the Fire and the owners of the Garden. The owners of the Garden, they are the victorious.

About funeral and supplication

From ___ Fiqh-us-Sunnah, Volume 4:

Volume 4, Page 62b: A Lahd is Better than an Ordinary Grave

Lahd is a crevice on the side of a grave facing the qiblah, which is covered with unburnt bricks like a house with a roof. A regular grave, on the other hand, is a pit dug in the ground, with the body placed in it and then sealed off with unburnt bricks and covered to form a ceiling. Either of these two methods is permissible, but the first one - lahd - is preferable in the light of a hadith reported by Ahmad and Ibn Majah on the authority of Anas who said: "When the Prophet, peace be upon him, died, there were two grave diggers. One usually dug the lahd and the other a regular tomb-like grave. The Companions said: 'Let us seek guidance from our Lord.' Then they asked each of them to dig a grave, and decided the grave of the one who finished first be chosen for the burial of the Prophet's remains. The one who dug the lahd finished first, so they buried the remains of the Prophet, peace be upon him, in a lahd."

This hadith shows that both forms are permissible. The fact that the lahd is preferable is indicated by a tradition transmitted by Ahmad and the Compilers of the Sunan on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas who reported: "The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: 'Lahd is for us, and digging a pit (i.e., a regular grave) for others."'

Volume 4, Page 63: Placing a Body in the Grave

It is sunnah to place a body in the grave with its feet first, if this is possible and can be done easily. This is based on a hadith reported by Abu Daw'ud, Ibn Abi Shaibah, and Al-Baihaqi that Abdallah ibn Zaid placed a body with its feet first in the grave and said, "This is sunnah." If this is not easy, then a body could be placed in the grave in any manner possible.

Ibn Hazm said: "A body may be placed in the grave in any manner possible, from the direction of the qihlah, or from a direction opposite to it, with its head first, or with its feet first, for there is no explicit instruction regarding this in the texts."

An-Nawawi said: "You should know that the right manner of accompanying a funeral is to remain quiet, as the pious among the previous generations of Muslims did. One should not raise one's voice for recitation or for the remembrance of Allah, or for anything else. Keeping quiet is better and is helpful in concentrating one's attention on the funeral rites, which is needed at that time. This is the correct position, and the fact that a large number of people do otherwise does not change it. There is a consensus among scholars that the way ignorant people recite in the funeral, artificially prolonging sounds of various words and mixing them up, is forbidden.


Volume 4, Page 63a: Placing the Body Facing the Qiblah, Praying for the Deceased, and Loosening the Shroud

The practice of the learned ones has been to place the body on its right side facing the qiblah. The person placing the body in the grave should say: "In the Name of Allah, and in accordance with the tradition of Allah's Messenger, peace be upon him. " Then he should loosen the shroud. Ibn ' Umar reported that when a body was placed in the grave, the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to say: Bismillah wa 'ala sunnat rasulillah. "In the name of Allah, and in accordance with the tradition of Allah's Messenger or the practice of Allah's Messenger." (Reported by Ahmad, Abu Daw'ud, Tirmizhi, Ibn Majab and Nasa'i, who transmitted it both as a mauquf hadith (its chain of transmitters stopping at a Companion), and as a musnad (uninterruptedly from the Prophet himself)).

Volume 4, Page 38: Requisite Conditions for Funeral Prayer

The prerequisites for a funeral prayer are the same as for the obligatory prayers. Anyone intending to offer funeral prayer must be in a state of purity, be free from all minor and major impurities, must cover his or her "awrah," and stand facing the direction of the Ka'bah.

Malik reported from Nafi' that Abdullah Ibn 'Umar used to say: "One should not offer a funeral prayer unless he is in a state of purity."

The funeral prayer differs from the prescribed prayers in that there is no fixed time for offering it. It may be offered at any time, including the times when regular prayers may not be offered. This is the opinion of the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools. Ahmad, Ibn Al-Mubarak, and Ishaq dislike offering a funeral prayer at sunrise, at noon when the sun is at its zenith, and at dusk when the sun is about to set, except in cases when it is feared that if delayed, the body might decompose.

Volume 4, Page 38a: Main Requirements of the Funeral Prayer

Certain requirements must be met for a valid funeral prayer, and failure to meet any of these may invalidate the prayer. These requirements are given below:

-1- Intention
The real intention is what is in the heart, and its verbal utterance is not legally required. Allah says in the Qur'an: "And they have been commanded no more than this: To worship Allah, offering Him sincere devotion, being true in (faith)." Qur'an 98.5 And the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: "Verily, all deeds (of a person) will be judged in the light of the intentions behind them, and every person will attain what he intends."

-2- Standing Prayer
The majority of scholars regard it as an essential condition for a valid funeral prayer to stand while praying if one is physically able to do so. A funeral prayer offered while sitting or riding, without any valid excuse, is not valid.

It is reported in Al-Mughni "It is not permissible for one to offer a funeral prayer while riding, as in this case an essential condition - standing while praying - would be missing." This is the opinion of Abu Hanifah, Ash-Shafi'i, and Abu Thaur. There is no difference on this point. It is preferable to put one's hands together, placing the right on the left, as is done in the prescribed regular prayer. Some disagree, but in our view it is better and preferable.

-3- Loud Recitation of Four Takbirs
This is based on a report transmitted by both Bukhari and Muslim on the authority of Jabir who said: "Allah's Messenger, peace be upon him, offered funeral prayers for Najashi (Negus) and said four takbirs. (That is, he said Allahu akbar four times)

Tirmizhi said: Most of the learned Companions of the Prophet (may Allah be pleased with them) and others followed and acted in accordance with the above example of the Prophet. They hold that four takbirs should be said in a funeral prayer. Among these scholars are Sufyan, Malik, Ibn Al-Mubarak, Ash-Shafi'i, Ahmad, and Ishaq.

Volume 4, Page 112: Supplications without a sin or breaking blood ties.

Ahmad records that Abu Sa'id reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "Any Muslim who makes a supplication containing nothing that is sinful and nothing that involves breaking ties of blood relationships, will be given for it by Allah one of these three things: He may accept his request, or assign its reward for him in the next world, or turn away from him an equivalent amount of evil." Those who heard it said, "We would, then, make many supplications." The Prophet, peace be upon him, replied, "Allah is more than ready to answer what you ask."

Volume 4, Page 112b: Supplicating with confidence in its acceptance.

Abu Hurairah also reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "None of you should say, 'O Allah, forgive me if You wish, (or) O Allah, have mercy on me if you wish.' Rather you should be firm in your request, for (Allah does whatever He wishes) and no one can force Him to do otherwise."

Volume 4, Page 112c: Choosing comprehensive words for supplication.

The Prophet, peace be upon him, loved comprehensive supplications but used other supplications as well. The Qur'anic supplication, "Our Lord, give us good in this world, and give us good in the hereafter," is just such a comprehensive supplication.

A man came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and said, "O Messenger of Allah, which is the best supplication?" The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "Supplicate to your Lord for forgiveness and security in this world and in the Hereafter." He came again the next day, and then again on the following (third) day and asked him the same thing. The Prophet, peace be upon him, gave him the same answer, and then said, "If you are given forgiveness and security in this world and in the Hereafter you have attained success." Another version says: "The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, 'No supplication made by a person is better than asking "O Allah, I ask You for security in this world and in the Hereafter"'." (Ibn Majah)

Volume 4, Page 113: Avoid Supplicating Against (Cursing) Yourself, your Family, or Property.

Jabir reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "Do not supplicate against your own selves, your children, your servants, or your property, lest you should supplicate at a time when supplications are accepted."

Volume 4, Page 113a: Repeating a supplication three times.

Abdallah b. Mas'ud reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, loved to repeat his supplication three times, and pray for forgiveness three times." (Abu Daw'ud)

Volume 4, Page 113b: When supplicating for someone begin with yourself.

The Qur'an says that the believers pray, "Our Lord, forgive us and our brethren in faith who have preceded us in faith." Ubayy b. Ka'b reported, "When someone requested the Prophet, peace be upon him, to pray for him, he used to begin by supplicating for his own self." (Reported by Tirmizhi with a sound chain of authorities)

Volume 4, Page 114a: Opening Words Recommended for a Supplication

Buraidah reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, heard a man saying, "O Allah, I ask You, I bear witness that there is no god but You, the One, the Etemal, Besought of all, Who begets not, nor is begotten; and there is none like unto Him." The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "You have asked Allah by His Greatest Name. When one asks Him by this name, He gives, what one desires, and when supplicated by this name He answers."
(Reported by Abu Daw'ud and Tirmizhi, who regards it a sound hadith)

Commenting on the above hadith, Al-Munzhri says, "Our teacher Abu al-Hasan Al-Maqdisi said, 'There is no weakness in its chain, and no other and more sound hadith is found on this subject'."

Mu'azh b. Jabal reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, heard a man saying, " O Lord of Majesty and Honor!" At this the Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "Your supplication will be heard, so ask for what you want to ask.'' (Reported by Tirmizhi, who says it is a sound hadith)

Anas reported, "Once the Prophet, peace be upon him, passed by Abu 'Ayyash, Zayd b. as-Samit az-Zarqi, while he was offering prayer and saying, 'O Allah, I call upon You for to You is due all praise, there is no god but You, O the Compassionate One, O the True Benefactor, the Originator of the heavens and the earth, the Lord of Majesty and Honor, O the Living One, O the One Who is self-subsisting and sustains all.' The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, 'You have called upon Allah by His greatest name. Anyone calling upon Him by this name is heard, and whatever one asks Him for, He grants it'." (Reported by Ahmad and others. Al-Hakim says that it is sound according to the criterion of Muslim) Mu'awiyah reported, "I heard the Prophet, peace be upon him, saying, 'Whoever supplicates with these five phrases will be granted whatever he asks, 'la ilaha illa-Allah wallahu akhar (there is no god but Allah and Allah is the greatest), la ilaha ill-Allahu wahdahu la sharika lahu (there is no god but only Allah, and he has no partners), lahul-mulku wa lahul-hamd wa huwa 'ala kulli shai'in qadir (to Him belongs the authority and His is all praise, and He has power over all things), la ilaha illa-Allahu wa la hawla wala quwwata illa billah (there is no god but Allah and there is no power nor any strength except with His permission)." (Reported by At-Tabarani with a sound chain)

Volume 4, Page 136: Invoking Blessings on the Prophet

Allah says, "Allah and His angels send blessings to the Prophet, O you who believe! Send blessings to him, and salute him with all respect."

Volume 4, Page 111c: Starting the Supplication with Allah's Praise and Blessings on His Prophet.

Fudalah b. 'Ubaid reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, heard a man supplicating during prayer. He did not glorify Allah, nor did he invoke blessings on the Prophet. The Prophet, peace be upon him, said, "He has been hasty." Then he called the man and said either to him, or to someone else, "When any one of you prays, he should begin by glorifying and praising his Lord and then he should invoke blessings on the Prophet, peace be upon him, and after that he should supplicate Allah for anything he wishes."


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In the Name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful


From life into death

PREPARATION OF THE DECEASED AND
JANAZAH PRAYERS

Extracted from :
Al Fiqh'Ala Al Madhahib Al Arab'a, Abdul Rahman Al Jazeeri, 1970, pp 500-5345. Fiqhul Sunnah, Vol. 4, Sayed Sabiq, 1968, pp. 69-138. Sifat Salatul Nabi, 5th Edition, Mohammad Nasirul Deen, Al Albani, 1389 P pp. 125. .Riyadhul Saliheen, pp. 360-373, Cairo Edition.


There are five main points for the preparation of a Muslim's body for burial; we present briefly the procedure involved in each of them:

I. Body-Washing or "Ghusl"
Washing the deceased's body is obligatory on Muslims; it is a Fard Kifaya, i.e., if some members take the responsibility of doing it the need is fulfilled, but if no one fulfills it then all Muslims will be accountable.
Washing can be carried out in the following way:

  • A man's body should be washed by men and a women's by women, but a child's body may be washed by either sex. A husband can wash his wife's body and vice-versa if the need arises.
  • Only one person is needed for washing with someone to help and preferably those people who know the deceased.
  • Place the body on a high place, e.g., a table or something similar.
  • Remove the deceased's clothes (garments) leaving the private parts covered.
  • Press the stomach gently and clean whatever comes out.
  • For washing, use a piece of cloth or your hands.
  • Only clean water may be used; add some scented oils (nonalcoholic) in the final wash. It is preferable to use warm water.
  • Perform ablution (wudu) for the body, cleaning the teeth and nose from outside only.
  • Wash three times, but if the body needs more cleaning, continue washing five or seven times, but in it must be odd numbers.

    Turn the body on its left side and begin washing the right side. Then turn it on its right side to wash the left side. This is done in each wash. The first and the second washes are done with water and soap, while the last one with water and scent.

  • Hair should be un-braided, washed and combed, For women it may again be braided in three braids.
  • Dry the body with a clean cloth or towel.
  • Add some perfume on the head, forehead, nose, hands, knees, eyes, armpits, and place perfumed cotton on the front and rear openings.

    II. Wrapping (Kafan)
  • The cloth used for wrapping the body must be a clean (preferably white) and should cover the whole body.
  • Add some perfume to the kafan (non-alcoholic).
  • Do not use silk cloth for men.
  • Use three pieces of cloth for men and five for women, (each piece of cloth must cover the entire body.)
  • Tie the open cloth at the head and feet, with a piece of cloth (from the same kafan) in such a way that one can differentiate the head from the legs.

    III. Prayers (Salat)
  • It is better that those praying divide themselves into three rows facing the qibla (Shortest distance to Makkah, Saudi Arabia) with the Imam in front.
  • Put the body (or bodies) in front of the Imam.
  • The Imam should stand by the middle of the body if the deceased is a man and by the shoulder if she is a woman.
  • If there is more than one body, then they should be put one in front of the other, those of the men nearest to the Imam and those of the women furthest from him.
  • Having the appropriate neeyat (intention to perform Burial Prayers) in your heart, raise your hands in the usual manner and say, Allahu Akbar.
  • Then fold and hold your hands on your breast in the usual manner, the right hand on the left.
  • Read al Fatiha quietly.
  • Say Allah Akbar without raising the hands.
  • Pray for the Prophet in the same way as you do in tashahud.
  • Say Allahu Akbar (do not raise your hands).
  • Make du'a for the deceased.
  • Say Allabu Akbar (do not raise your hands).
  • Make du'a for the Muslims.
  • Say Assalaamu 'Alaikum, thus finishing the prayer.

    The entire burial prayer is done while one is standing, there are no raks or sujud in it.
    Du'a for the deceased may be chosen from any of the prophetic du'as:

    IV. Funeral
  • In the procession mourners should walk in front or beside the bier. Those who are riding or driving should follow it.
  • Silence is recommended.
  • It is absolutely forbidden to accompany the body with music or crying.

    V. Burial
  • The grave should be deep, wide and well made. It is recommended that it consist of two excavations, one inside the other. It is recommended that the smaller one called lahd be dug on the side of the larger one facing the qibla
  • It is in this one that the body is put.
  • The deceased's body should be laid on the ground with the face toward the qibla, the direction of the Ka'aba.
  • While laying it say: Bismillah Wa A'la Milla Rasulallah
  • It is not recommended to use a casket unless there is a need for it, e.g., if the soil is very loose or wet. A stone, or bricks or some soil should be put under the deceased's head to raise it up.
  • Do not use a pillow or put anything with the deceased inside the grave.
  • Cover the lahd with bricks so that they become like a roof for it. Pour three handfuls of soil.
  • Fill the larger pit with soil. It is preferable that each one of those present share in this by pouring three handfuls of soil. Raise the level of the grave a little less than one foot in a sloping way.

    References (all in Arabic):
    Al Fiqh'Ala Al Madhahib Al Arab'a, Abdul Rahman Al Jazeeri, 1970, pp. 500-5345.Fiqhul Sunnah, Vol. 4, Sayed Sabiq, 1968, pp. 69-138.Sifat Salatul Nabi, 5th Edition, Mohammad Nasirul Deen, Al Albani, 1389 P. pp. 125.Riyadhul Saliheen, pp. 360-373, Cairo Edition.

    This burial procedure has been edited from a hand out by The Muslim Student Association of the United States and Canada, titled "Preperation of the Deceased and Janazah Prayers".

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    From life into death

    Authentic step by step illustrated
    JANAZAH guide
    Compiled by
    Mohamed Ebrahim Siala

    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

    First all praise is due to Allah; we praise Allah and seek Allah's help and forgiveness. Without Allah's guidance and help nothing can be achieved.

    Behind every endeavor there are some individuals who make it possible. This compilation is no exception. My sincere thanks and appreciation goes to all brothers and sisters of the Salman Al - Farisi Islamic Center.

    To mention some of those who helped : Br. Sheik Aqeel Al - Maqtary, Br. Sheik Magdy Wardah, Br. Awad Elgarguri, Sr. Huda (Christine Dodge), Br. Mansour Al - Mutairi, Br. Ghassan Al - Soraihi, Br. Umar Gunderson, Br. Abdennour Moussaoui, Br Abdulsalam saif, Br Ali Al-Shomrani and many others.

    They gave their time, and knowledge, time after time, to review, correct, draw, and add, they were always willing to offer their assistance.

    I ask Allah to accept our efforts, overlook our shortcomings and cover us all with His Mercy in this world and in the hereafter.

      

    CONTENTS                       
    Introduction. 3
    A) Death. 5
                          1) When a Muslim is at the point of Death. 9
                          2) Just after Death has been determined. 10
    B) Mourning the dead. 11
    C) Al-Ghusul (Washing the body of a dead Muslim). 12
    D) Al-Kafan (Shrouding the body of a dead Muslim). 14
                           1) Kafan of a male. 14
                           2) Kafan of a female 16
    E) Salatul Janazah (Funeral prayer). 18
    F) Following the Janazah. 22
    G) Al-Dafan (The Burial).
    Rules in the Graveyard. ( Cemetery )
    23
    H) Special cases. 27
                           1) Miscarried fetus. 28
                           2)Children.                        28
                           3) Martyr. 28
    I) Condolences . 29
    J) The Edda (Waiting period) for Muslim widows. 30
    K) Rewards after death. 32
    L) Visiting the Cemetery. 33
    M) References. 35

    Additional     information from elsewhere.


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    INTRODUCTION

    In the name of Allah Most Merciful Most Gracious

    All praise is due to Allah; we praise Allah and seek Allah's help and forgiveness. And we seek refuge in Allah, Most High, from the evils of our own selves. Whomsoever has been guided by Allah, none can misguide him, and whomsoever is misguided, no one can guide him except Allah.

    And I bear witness that there is no divinity worthy of being worshipped except Allah Al Mighty, alone, without partner or associate. I further bear witness that Muhammad (P.B.U.H) is his true worshipper and messenger, may Allah the exalted bestow His peace and blessings upon him.

    Allah says in the Quran "O you who believe! Fear Allah as Allah should be feared, and die not except in a state of Islam " (Quran 3:102).

    "O mankind ! Be grateful to your lord, Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate, and from them both Allah created many men and women, and fear Allah through Whom you demand your mutual rights and do not cut relations of Kinship. Surely Allah is ever a watcher over you "(Quran 4:1).

    "O you who believe! Keep your duty to Allah, and speak always the truth. Allah will direct you to do good deeds and will forgive you your sins. And whosoever obeys Allah and His messenger, he verily has got a great success " (Quran 33:70-71).

    Know then that the most truthful book is that of Allah (The Quran) and that the best guidance is that of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.).

    As Muslims, we all must submit to the will and commandments of Allah. Those commandments are in the Quran, the word of Allah, and in the Sunnah, the authentic teachings of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H), and whatever his companions said or did of which he did not disapprove.

    Allah in the Quran says : " We have explained in detail in this Quran, for the benefit of Mankind, every kind of similitude "(Quran 18:54), "And we have sent down to you the Book explaining all things: a guide, a mercy, and glad tidings " (Quran 16:89).

    The Sunnah is the secondary source of Islamic law, it is the Prophet's sayings, actions, and what his companions did to which he showed no objection. Allah in the Quran says that Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) does not speak from himself, but is inspired by Allah : "Nor does he say ought of his own desire and wishes; it is just revelation sent down to him " (Quran 53: 3-5).

    Muslims are ordered in the Quran to follow the Sunnah of the Prophet (P.B.U.H), this means to obey and practice the commands of the Prophet.

    Allah in the Quran says : " Whatever the Prophet ordered you to do, you should do, and whatever he forbids you, you should reject "(Quran 59: 7), " The sayings of the faithful believers when they are called to Allah ( His Words { the Quran } and His Messenger ) to judge between them is only that they say: " We hear and we obey," And such are the successful. And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, fears Allah and keeps his duty (To Him), such ! They are the successful " (Quran 24: 51-52).

    " But no, by your lord, they can have no (Real) faith, until they make you (Muhammad) a judge in all disputes between them, and find in their souls no resistance against your decisions, but accept them with the fullest conviction " (Quran 4:65).

    After the death of the Prophet, his companions gave sharp attention to preserving the Sunnah of the Prophet. Each one tried to find out what the Prophet did or said in certain situations, and then recorded it.

    Later many scholars spent their lives investigating those who transmitted the Sunnah; they compiled the authentic Hadiths. Among these scholars are Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim; both wrote books that contain only authentic Hadiths.

    The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) in many authentic Hadiths showed us in great detail how and what to say and do in our everyday lives.

    Allah's last revelation states that Islam is the perfect religion: "Today I have perfected your religion for you, bestowed my favor upon you and chosen for you Islam as your religion " (Quran 5:3). Thus it is fitting for us as Muslims to follow the perfect guidance of Allah and His messenger through the Quran and the Sunnah.

    But unfortunately, people listen to this and that, see the non-Muslim's ways of doing things and then copy it and it becomes the norm . The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) predicted this by saying :" You would copy the same path as was done by those before you measure by measure and step by step so that if they had entered into the hole of a Dhab (a desert lizard) you will enter too." They ( The Prophet companions ) asked him: " You mean Jews and Christians by your words' Those before you' ?." He said: " Who else (than those two religionus groups) " (Bukhari and Muslim).

    Some Muslims say : " In our country we do things this way and that way, so it must be the right way ", others say : " We think this way is much better than the other way ".

    So as long as the tendency remains among the Muslims in taking blind bride in following their ancestry or tribal heritage or culture or nationality, and as long as Muslims are hardly bothered to learn and take their practices from the pure knowledge, the Quran and the authentic Sunnah, more confusion, and more divisions will continue to hammer the body of the Muslim Ummah.

    The message of Islam covers all aspects of life, commanding all things that will benefit a person in this life and the hereafter.

    This includes caring for this person when he dies by making dua' for him, washing and shrouding his body, performing Salatul Janazah for him ( Where people pray and ask Allah to forgive him and have mercy on him ), then putting him in the grave.

    The caring extends to his family too, by comforting his relatives, sharing with them their sorrow, and offering them condolences, sympathy and support.

    Hoping to fill the need for a simplified Janazah guide to all Muslims, I have followed the method described in the authentic Hadiths, explanatory step by step notes and several illustrated drawings.

    I have also included an introduction on importance of following the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.), and an explanation of scholars' ruling on issues which should be known by every Muslim.

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    A) DEATH

    This topic is very important, as each and every one of us will experience it one day and that is : Death.

    Almost every day we hear of the death of someone, yet most people ignore the fact that one day they will die too, they go on with their life as if nothing has happened feeling that their time has not yet come for them to die.

    Allah says in the Quran: " Everyone shall taste death. And only on the day of resurrection shall you be paid your wages in full. And whoever is removed away from the fire and admitted to paradise, this person is indeed successful. The life of this world is only the enjoyment of deception:" (Quran 3:185), " Every soul shall have the taste of death..... " (Quran 29:57).

    In an authentic Hadith Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " Remember the destroyer of pleasures-death, for not a day passes upon the grave except it says ' I am the house of remoteness; I am the house of loneliness; I am the house of soil; I am the house of worms' " ( Authentic-Thermithi).

    The knowledge of the reality of death helps people understand it and prepare themselves for its coming.

    Death is simply a transition state from one world to another, as birth is. No one knows when and where he will die or knows how.

    In this respect Allah says in the Quran in Surat (Chapter) Luqman: " Nor does anyone know what it is that he will earn tomorrow: Nor does anyone know in what land he is to die. Verily with Allah is full knowledge and Allah is acquainted with all things " (Quran 31: 34).

    Islam is the only religion that explains death in full detail, how it happens, and what Muslims should do before, during, and after the death of a Muslim.

    Allah has assigned angels responsible for taking our souls out of our bodies. In the Quran Allah mentioned the Archangel name "Angel of Death".

    Allah says in the Quran : " Say The Angel of Death put in charge of you, will (Duly) take your souls, then you shall be brought back to your Lord " (Quran 32:11).

    Death involves agony and hardship as mentioned in an authentic Hadith : " When Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was dying, he put his hands in a large cup of water which was close to him and wipe his face with it, saying : 'O Allah help me over the hardship and agony of death '"( Authentic -Termithi).

    For the faithful BELIEVERS Allah says in the Quran: " Those who have said 'Our Lord is Allah', and then have become upright, the angels will descend upon them saying ' Do not fear nor be sad, but receive good news of the paradise which you have been promised. We are your protectors in this life and in the hereafter: therein you shall have all that you desire; therein you shall have all that you ask for "(Quran 41:30-31).

    Allah also says : " When the angels take the lives of the righteous, the angels say to them : ' Salaamun Alikum, enter paradise, because of the good deeds that you used to do (during your life) ' " (Quran 6:32).

    Allah also says :" If you only could see when the transgressors are going through the agonies of death, and the angels stretching forth their hands saying 'Deliver your souls; this day you shall be recompensed the torment of degradation because of what you use to utter against Allah other than the truth, and you used to reject Allah's signs with disrespect' " (Quran 6:93).

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    1) WHEN A MUSLIM IS AT THE POINT OF DEATH

    Family members of the dying person and his most pious friends should be informed and should be present at his side to help him turn his thoughts to Allah, encourage him very gently to repent, remind him about all the good deeds that he did, about Allah's mercy, and Allah's forgiveness so that he may anticipate Allah's mercy and Allah's favors.

    Allah in the Quran said: "And who despairs of the mercy of his Lord, but those who are misguided "(Quran 15:56).

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said: " Let no Muslim die except expecting and hoping the best from Allah" (Muslim).

    Those who are present near a dying Muslim should do the following :

    They should be kind and patient.

    They should never leave him alone.

    They should give him hope, not allowing him to collapse out of pain or panic.

    They should prompt him very gently (Encouragement without insistence) every now and then to say the Shahada: "La ilaha ella Allah", which means 'There is no Divinity but Allah,' in a very kind and sincere manner as these may be his last words.

    Abu-Saeed Al-Khuduri reported that Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " Help Muslims who are dying to say: ' La ilaha ella Allah' " (Muslim).

    They should make Dua' (Supplicate) to Allah to help him go through situation easy, and forgive him.

     NOTE:

    There is no authentic proof of reading chapter (Yasin ) beside a dying Muslim.

    There is no authentic proof of directing the dying Muslim to the Qiblah.

    There is no Islamic teaching of putting the Quran under the head of a dying Muslim.

    There is no Islamic teaching of asking junubs( Those who did not take a shower after a sexual act), or menstruating women, to leave the room .

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    2) JUST AFTER DEATH HAS BEEN DETERMINED

     When the person is confirmed dead, family members or those who are present should :

    Close the eyes of the deceased.

    Um Salma reported that : " When her husband died, Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) closed his eyes" (Muslim).

    They should bind his lower jaw to his head so that it does not sag.

    They should cover all his body completely with a clean sheet.

    Aisha reported that : " Muslims covered the body of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) when he died" (Bukhari & Muslim).

    They should make Dua' (Supplicate) to Allah to forgive him.

    They should hasten to prepare the body for washing, shrouding and burial.

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said: " You should hasten with his burial" (Bukhari & Muslim).

    They should pay his debts from his money, or if there is not enough, then from any family member or any relative, this matter is important since the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) encouraged Muslims to pay the debts of the deceased.

     

    NOTE:

    There is no Islamic teaching of putting the Quran under the pillow of the deceased.

    There is no Islamic teaching of asking junubs (Those who did not take a shower after sexual act), or menstruating women to leave the room of the deceased.

    There is no Islamic teaching of putting flowers, candles etc., in the deceased's room.

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    B) MOURNING THE DEAD

    Mourning over the dead is allowed in Islam, but there is a great difference between what is allowed Islamically and the practice of some Muslims at the present time.

    Grief at the death of a beloved person is normal, and weeping for the dead is allowed in Islam. What is prohibited is to express grief by wailing ( Bewailing refers to mourning in a loud voice), shrieking, beating the chest and cheeks, tearing hair or clothes, breaking things or scratching faces or saying phrases that makes a Muslim lose faith.

    All of this is totally prohibited. (Bukhari & Muslim).

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " Two things in people are Kufr ( Ignorance ), one is to ridicule someone on his family genealogy, and the other is bewailing loudly the dead " (Muslim).

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) also said : " I detest a woman who cries out very loudly, or shaves her hair, or tears her clothes when a beloved one dies " (Bukhari & Muslim).

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said :" He is not of us who beats his face, tears his clothes and bewails loudly when misfortune happens to him as was done before during the days of ignorance " (Bukhari & Muslim).

    Some people let their beard grow to show their sadness, then after several days they shave it. Others wear black clothes, or black ties. All of this has no basis in Islam..

    It is a Muslim's duty to advise gently those who do these things to stop doing so, since it is totally prohibited. No loss, however great, should lead a Muslim to sour his faith. They should however bear patiently and accept Allah's destiny.

    There is no objection to quiet weeping as Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) did when his son died and said : " It is a mercy that Allah made in the hearts of his servants" (Bukhari).

    Relatives of a deceased Muslim may mourn him for three days only, but a widow may mourn her husband four months and ten days.

    This is due to Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) who said : " It is prohibited for a woman who believes in Allah and the day of judgment to mourn any dead person more than three days except her husband four months and ten days " (Bukhari). This period is called the Edda (Waiting period) which is prescribed by Allah in the Quran (2 : 234).

      

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    C) AL-GHUSUL ( WASHING THE DEAD MUSLIM )

    When a Muslim dies, it is the responsibility of his family or other Muslims to wash him according to the Islamic rites of washing the deceased. Two or three persons may perform the washing.

    The person(s) who may wash the deceased should :

    Be a trustworthy, and honest adult Muslim(s).

    Know the Islamic way of washing the dead and be able to carry out the washing.

    Not make any comment on the body of the deceased.

    NOTE:

    If the deceased is a male, then ONLY males should wash him.

    If the deceased is a female, then ONLY females should wash her.

    For a married person, the spouse may perform the washing.

    For a child, either males or females may do the washing.

     

    PLACE OF WASHING :

    The deceased's body should be washed in a clean, secluded, and private place where clean water and soap are available. Gloves or pieces of cloth are needed.

    The body of the deceased should be washed with water and, if available, lotus leaves, or camphor (To be used in the final wash).

    The washing should be done three or five, or any more odd number of times if necessary.

    STEPS OF WASHING :

    The body of the deceased should be placed on a table or alike, the deceased's clothes should be removed , and the body should be covered with a sheet of cloth.

    The head and the upper body should be raised slightly to insure the washing water with exudations from the body flows down and does not run back to the body.

    The Aura (Private parts) of the deceased should be covered with a piece of cloth (The Aura of a male is from the belly button to the knee in the presence of males, for the female is the same in the presence of females).

    The washer should start washing by saying:" Bismil - lah "," In the name of Allah ".

    The washer winds a piece of cloth around his hand, and with this he cleans away any impurities from the body using water. Then he should dispose of this piece.

    The washer should take another piece of cloth around his hand, press lightly the stomach of the deceased so as so to expel, if possible, any remnants from it, and then wash the body of all impurities using water. Then he should dispose this piece of cloth.

    The washer should take another piece of cloth around his hand (May use gloves), and wash the covered private parts, then dispose of this piece of cloth.

    The washer should perform Wudu (Ablution) on the deceased without inserting the water in the nose and in the mouth.

    The washer should clean the body with water and soap (If available), starting from the head (hair, face and beard {Men}), then the upper right side of the body then the left side, after that the lower right side then the lower left.

    In the case of a female, her hair should be loosened, washed, combed, and be braided in three braids, and placed behind her back.

    The washing should be done three times, or five times, or seven times, as needed, providing that after washing the head, wash the right side before the left, and the upper parts before the lower ones.

    In the last wash, the washer may use camphor, or some perfume with the water.

    After that the body should be dried with clean towel.

    Then the body should be totally covered with a white sheet.

    Get ready to start the shrouding.

     SPECIAL NOTE : In case the deceased is a female in her menstrual period or have child birth bleeding, padding should be used to prevent blood from leaving the body.

    NOTE:

    It is recommended that those who performed the washing should take a bath .

    It is recommended that those who performed the washing should make Wudu.

     All of this is based on authentic Hadith that Um Atiyah narrated that: " When the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) died, he instructed us:' Wash her three times, or more than that if you feel it is necessary, with water and sidr(good smelling leaves), and then after the last wash apply some camphor to the body , then loosen her hair, wash it, comb it, and make it in three braids laid behind her back " (Bukhari & Muslim).

     NOTE:

    There is no Islamic teaching of reading the Quran during the Ghusul.

    There is no Islamic teaching of making special dthiker (Certain words to remember Allah) during the Ghusul.

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     D) AL-KAFAN ( SHROUDING THE DEAD MUSLIM )

    Shourding should start Just after washing the body of the deceased. It is recommended to use white sheets from inexpensive material. Extravagance is not recommended in the Kafan (Shroud).

    Aisha relates that : " When the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) died, he was shrouded in three white sheets from Yemen" (Bukhari & Muslim).

    THE KAFAN OF A MALE

     The Kafan of a male should consist of three white winding sheets about{7 x 7 feet}, clean and large enough to conceal the whole body, after having been perfumed with incense. Use 4 tie ropes, each 7 feet long ( Figure (1) ).

    The material of the sheet should not be silk, nor should any gold be used.

     STEPS OF SHROUDING :

     The winding sheets should be spread out one on the top of the other .

    The deceased, covered with a sheet, is lifted and laid on his back on the winding sheets.

    Some scent or perfume may be put on those parts of the body upon which one rests during prostration, that is the forehead, nose, hands, knees, and feet.

    If it is possible the deceased's left hand should be placed on his chest, then put his right hand on the left hand like the way in the Salat (Prayer).

    The edge of the top sheet is folded over the deceased right side, then the other edge over his left side. Then the second sheet should be folded the same way. The third and the largest sheet should be treated the same way.

    These sheets should be fastened with a piece of cloth {Tie ropes}, one above the head, another under the feet, and two around the body.

     

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    2.THE KAFAN OF A FEMALE

    The Kafan of a female should consist of five white garments, (Two winding sheet, a long loose sleeveless shirt {From shoulder to feet}, a waist wrapper, and a head veil ), these should be large enough to cover the whole body and may be perfumed with incense, a loin cloth may be used to bind the upper part of her legs, use 4 tie ropes, each one is 7 feet long ( Figure (2) ).

    STEPS OF SHROUDING :

    The garments are spread out ( First: winding sheets {7 x 7 feet}, Second: the long loose sleeveless shirt {3 1/2 x 14 feet, with a hole in the middle line for the head}, Third: waist wrapper {6 feet x 3 1/2 feet }, Fourth head veil {a 4x4 square feet white sheet}, and Fifth: the loin cloth {12 inches wide x 4 feet long} ).

    The deceased, covered with a sheet, is lifted and laid on her back on the shroud.

    Some scent or perfume may be put on those parts of the body upon which one rests during prostration, that is the forehead, nose, hands, knees, and feet.

    The loin cloth is bound round her upper legs (Acts like underwear).

    The waist wrapper is tied in place.

    Put on the sleeveless shirt (Long to cover the body from the shoulder to the feet) .

    Put the head veil.

    The deceased's left hand should be placed on her chest, then put her right hand on the left hand like the way in the Salat (Prayer).

    The edge of the top sheet is folded over the deceased right side, then the other edge over his left side. Then the second sheet should be folded the same way.

    These sheets should be fastened with a piece of cloth {Tie ropes}, one above the head, another under the feet, and two around the body.

     

    NOTE:

    There is no Islamic teaching of writing any thing on the shrouds.

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    E) SALATUL JANAZAH (THE FUNERAL)

    Funeral prayers are held over the dead body of every Muslim, young or old, even of infants who have lived only a few minutes. When the soul leaves the body, preparations are made for bidding him the last farewell.

    It is highly recommended that, after washing and shrouding the body of the deceased, the body not to be kept long, but rather taken quickly, prayed for, and then buried.

    It is preferable that Salatul Janazah be performed outside the Mosque or the Musalla (Prayer room), like in activity rooms or courtyards.

    Salatul Janazah is a collective obligation. A Muslim should not hesitate to participate in it, whether or not the deceased or his relatives are known to him.

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " If a Muslim dies and forty Muslims, who do not associate anything with Allah , join in the Salatul Janazah, Allah accepts their prayers for him." ( Muslim ).

    Salatul Janazah is said silently, except the Takbeer and Tassleem. All conditions for regular Salat are required in Salatul Janazah such as Tahara, Wudu, clean body and clothes, neeyah (Intention), and facing the Qiblah.

    There is a reward for attending Salatul Janazah for both the deceased and those who make the Salat according to the following Hadith.

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " Who ever attends the Janazah until it is finished, will earn a Qirat, and who ever stays until the burial, will earn two Qirats. Someone asked: What does Qirat mean ? , the Prophet answered :'It means rewards as big as great mountain" ( Bukhari & Muslim ).

    There are specific times when it is prohibited to perform Salatul Janazah, unless it becomes necessary, due to the condition of the body, to perform it quickly and then bury the body.

    This is due to the Hadith of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) who forbade us to pray, or bury our dead during these specified times (Muslim).

    These prohibited times are :

     From sunrise until the sun is fully risen,

    At the zenith of the sun (the sun at meridian), until it passes the meridian,

    From when the sun pales before sunset until it has set.

     STEPS OF SALATUL JANAZAH

     It is preferable that Salatul Janazah be performed outside the Mosque / the Musalla.

    All conditions for regular Salat are required in Salatul Janazah such as Tahara, Wudu, clean body and clothes, neeyah (Intention), and facing the Qiblah.

    Muslims should form a minimum of three lines facing the Qiblah. The one who leads the Salat is the leader or his deputy, or the deceased's father.

    If there is only one Muslim with the Imam, he should stand behind the Imam.

    The body (ies) should be placed in front of the person who leads the prayer.

    In case there are more than one dead Muslim (Males and females), then the female(s) should be placed in the first row(s) in the direction of the Qiblah, then the male(s) in the following row(s), then the Imam.

    For example : If there are : a dead Muslim male, a female, a young girl, and a young boy, then behind the Qiblah, first place the body of the young girl, then the adult female, then the young boy, then the adult male, so the bodies are arranged in a way that females' bodies are first, then the males ( Figure (3) ).

     

    Figure (3)

     

       Figure (4) Figure (5)

    The Imam should stand by the middle of a female body, and by the head for a male body, this is due to the Hadith in which Anas related that Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) leading Salatul Janazah for a dead male, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) stood in front of the deceased head, and for a dead female, the Prophet (P.B.U.H) stood in front of the midlle of her body.( Authentic-Abu Dawood). In another Hadith Samura ben Jundub said when Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) made Salatul Janazah for a dead Muslim female, he stood in front of her waist (Muslim) ( Figure (4), (5) ).

    Behind the Imam, males stand in lines, then children, then females (Figure (3),(4),(5)).

    There are NO Rukuh, Sujud, Athan, or Eqama.

    Having the appropriate neeyah (Intention), raise your hands in the usual manner and say : " Alla-who Akbar ".

    Fold your right hand over the left hand in the usual manner.

    Recite the Fatiha silently .

    Then say : "Alla-who Akbar".

    Then recite the Tashahood .

    The Tashahood is :- ( Allahumma sallee ala-Muhammad wa'ala alee Muhammad kama sallayta ala Ibrahim wa ala alee Ibrahim, wa barik ala Muhammad wa'ala alee Muhammad kama barakta ala Ibrahim wa ala alee Ibrahim, innaka hamidun Majeed).

    This means : " O Allah! Grant peace to Muhammad and his family as you did to Ibrahim and his family. O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family as you blessed Ibrahim and his family. Truly you are Most Glorious and Most Praiseworthy".

    Then say : " Alla-who Akbar ".

    Then make dua' (Supplicate) for the deceased.

    Then say: " Alla-who Akbar ".

    Then make dua (Supplicate) for all dead Muslims.

    In the case of a dead baby or young child, make dua (Supplicate) for the parents.

    Then say : " Assalamu alykum ", like you say in other Salats. Tasleem could be said only once.

     NOTE:

    Salatul Janazah for the one who died far away is allowed.

    There is no Islamic teaching of putting the picture of the deceased or some of his clothes or flowers in front of or around the Kafan ( Shroud).

    To use a coffin (Box) is not allowed, unless there is necessity to use it, such as the body of the deceased is damaged, or for health reasons, or when the grave is wet and cannot be dried.

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     F) FOLLOWING THE JANAZAH

    After Salatul Janazah, the deceased should be transferred to the Muslim cemetery. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " Visit the sick and walk with the Janazah, it will remind you of the hereafter"(Muslim).

    It is recommended for those following the Janazah on foot to keep behind or either on the right or on the left of those who are carrying the body.

    They should walk calmly, quietly, and not crowd or push others who are carrying the deceased.

    Following the Janazah with incense or candles, mentioning Allah's name loudly, weeping loudly or reading Quran, playing music, or carrying the body of the deceased on a military car, all are not allowed when escorting the body of the deceased.

    The reward of Janazah prayer and following the Janazah until the burial is finished is explained in the following Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) who said : " Whoever attends the Janazah until it is finished, will earn a Qirat, and who ever stays until the burial, will earn two Qirats. Someone asked: What a Qirat means ? , the Prophet answered :' It means rewards as big as a great mountain" ( Bukhari & Muslim ).

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    G) AL-DAFIN ( BURIAL )

    Islam has a unique style of building graves and cemeteries that is characterized by humility, simplicity and economy in costs and that avoids glorifying the dead with elaborate monuments.

    It is of great importance that a special cemetery be devoted exclusively for the use of Muslims. Muslims may not be buried in the cemeteries of non-Muslims, nor can non-Muslims be buried in a Muslim cemetery.

    The deceased should be buried in the locality in which he lived. It is undesirable to take the body to the person's own country or to another city.

    In Muslim cemeteries, there are two types of graves :

    Al-Shaqq : is to make a deep vertical hole in the ground.

    Al-Lahed : is to make a deep vertical hole in the ground, then in the bottom make a side horizontal hole big enough to cover the whole body.

    Both types are used, but it is preferable to use Al-Lahed if the land is solid ( Figure (6) ).

       Figure (6)

     

    The burial should be done as soon as possible after death, but the following times should be avoided :

    At night.

    From sunrise until the sun is fully risen.

    At the zenith of the sun (The sun at the meridian), until it passes the meridian.

    When the sun pales before sunset until it has set.

    During these times burying is prohibited unless there is an urgent necessity, according to the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) that was narrated by (Muslim).

     

    STEPS OF BURIAL :

     A grave is dug deep enough to totally hide the body of the deceased.

    The grave should be always perpendicular ( Horizontal) to the direction of Qiblah.

    Only men are allowed to attend the burial.

    All Muslims who are present should remember death, the hereafter, and that one day he too will be buried.

    They should keep quiet ( No talking unless it is necessary ).

    The deceased's male relatives are expected to put the body in the grave, putting the body in the grave should be carried out only by Muslim men..

    A female is placed in her grave either by her husband, her sons, her father, her brothers, or her uncle.

    The deceased's body should be entered to the grave from the direction where his feet will be ( From the rear of the grave ) ( Figure (7) ).

     How to enter the body into the grave

     

    Front

      Rear

      Figure ( 7)

    Those who enter the body of the deceased in the grave should say : (Bismil llah wa ala millati rasulil llah), which means : " In the name of Allah and in the faith of the Messenger of Allah ".

    The deceased's body should rest on his right side, and should be close to the wall and supported so that the body will not fall back, the deceased's face should be towards the Qiblah.( Figure (6),(8) ).

         Figure ( 8)

    Those who put the deceased in the grave should not have had sexual intercourse with their wives the night before.

    According to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). Anas Ibn Malik related that :" During the burial of the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.), Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was sitting, tears coming out from eyes, he asked us:" Who did not have sexual intercourse with his wife last night?" Abu Talha answered:" I, Prophet Muhammad ", then Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said to him:" You get down in the grave and lay her down" (Bukhari).

    They should undo the tie on the head and the feet.

    They should put above the body a layer of wood or big stones, so that earth will not be put directly on the body when they fill the grave with earth.

    After the body is totally covered, it is desirable to throw three handfuls of soil into the grave.

    Then the grave should be filled up with sand .

    It is allowable to put a mark on the grave or a stone to know the grave since it is prohibited to step over, lean or sit on a grave.

    It is also Sunnah to make the grave convex from sand, according to the Hadith that was reported by Sofyan who said : " That I saw the grave of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) is made convex " (Bukhari), convex out of sand.

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) in an authentic Hadith said : " Make dua' of Istighfar ( Supplicate for forgiveness) for your brother and request steadfastness for him because he is now being questioned " (Authentic -Abu Dawood).

      NOTE:

    There is no Islamic teaching of transferring the deceased to another country.

    There is no Islamic teaching of revealing the face of the deceased after putting the body in the grave.

    There is no Islamic teaching of shouting with special dthiker (Certain words to remember Allah) before, during, and after burial.

    There is no Islamic teaching of reading the Quran in the cemetery.

    There is no Islamic teaching of putting flowers, food, water, or money around the grave that will benefit the deceased.

    There is no Islamic teaching of putting anything in, on or around the grave that will benefit the deceased.

    There is no Islamic teaching of slaughtering an animal during or after burial.

    There is no Islamic teaching of staying in a state of sadness for one year .

    There is no Islamic teaching that the relatives of the deceased should wear black clothes.

    There is no Islamic teaching that planting flowers on, or around the grave will benefit the deceased.

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    IMPORTANT RULES IN THE CEMETERY

    It is prohibited to step over, lean, or sit on a grave.

    Abu Hurrairah relates that the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) said : " It is better for a person to sit on burning coal by which his clothes may catch fire and the heat thereof may touch his skin, rather than that he sits on a grave " (Muslim).

    It is prohibited to build any form of construction on the grave, or decorate the grave.

    From the authentic traditions, it is clear that to erect domes over graves or build mausoleums or Mosques on graves is strictly forbidden. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said: " Do not build Mosques in the graveyard " (Muslim).

    Ali ibn abi Taleb reported that : " Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) instructed him to destroy all statues, and not to leave a grave raised high without leveling it with the ground " ( Muslim), which means no construction on the grave.

    It is prohibited to plaster the grave, whitewash the grave, or use cooked stones.

    Jabir relates that the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) has forbidden that a grave should be made strong (of bricks and plaster), or durable or one should sit over it or the same should have a construction over it. ( Muslim).

    Jabir also reported: " Prophet Muhammad forbade the whitewashing of a grave, sitting on it, or erecting any type of structure on it " (Muslim).

    It is prohibited to pray facing towards the graves.

    Abu Martad al-Ghanawi reported that Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said: " Do not pray facing towards the graves " ( Muslim).

    Women are forbidden from attending the burial.

    This is according to the authentic Hadith of Um-Atiyah who reported that we were forbidden to accompany funeral processions. ( Bukhari & Muslim).

    It is prohibited to slaughter animals around the grave.

    Arranging a mourning gathering on the day of death, or on the third day after death, or on the seventh, or on the twentieth day, or on the fortieth day, or on the anniversary of the death, all are abominable and heretical practices which people have introduced.
    ( The anniversary of Death and Birth of Rasullullah only started after the Crusades. )

    These practices have no basis whatsoever in the Quran, in the Sunnah of the Prophet, or in the practices of the early Muslims, may Allah the Exalted have mercy upon them. Some of these practices are done by some Muslims in different countries, but that does not make it the Islamic way .

    It is prohibited to cremate the body of dead Muslim, even if the deceased requested it before his death.

    It is prohibited to put candles on the grave. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said in an authentic Hadith: " Curse those who light lamps on graves " (Authentic-Ahmed).

    It is also disliked (Makruh) to pray in the cemetery (Bukhari ).

    Performing autopsy on a dead Muslim is totally prohibited, unless it is requested by court order.

     

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    H) SPECIAL CASES

    1) Miscarried Fetus :

    If the fetus is less than four months old ( Mother was pregnant for less than four months ), then the fetus may not be washed; the fetus should be wrapped in a piece of white cloth and buried. Then there is no Salatul Janazah for this fetus.

    If the fetus is more than four months old ( Mother was pregnant for more than four months ), then the fetus may be washed, shrouded (Using one or two winding sheets to cover the whole body), and then Muslims have the choice whether to perform Salatul Janazah or not.

     2) Children :

    A) Before reaching the age of puberty, a child may be washed by males or females. Shrouding a child for females use a shirt and two winding sheets and for males two or three winding sheets may be used.

     

    B) For those children who reached the age of puberty, they should be dealt with as an adult { Female child like female adult, and male child like male adult}, but then Salatul Janazah be performed.

     3) Martyr :

    The body of a Martyr should not be washed, nor be shrouded but buried with the same clothes that people found him with.

    The strongest opinion of Muslim scholars is not to offer Salatul Janazah for martyrs since Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) did not offer it for the martyrs of the battle of Uhud.

    Fiqh 4.47 (Fiqh-us-Sunnah)
    Funeral Prayer for a Martyr

    A martyr is one who is killed in a battlefield fighting the enemies of Islam. All the hadith on this subject are quite explicit that no funeral prayer may be offered for a martyr. . . . .

    There are, however, some hadith that are equally explicit and state that a funeral prayer should be offered for martyrs.
    Bukhari reported from 'Uqbah ibn 'Amir that one day the Prophet, peace be upon him, went out and offered a funeral prayer for the martyrs of Uhud, eight years after their death, as if he were bidding farewell to both the living and the dead. . . . .

    The hadith reported by Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah that the Prophet, peace be upon him, did not offer funeral prayer for these martyrs is sound and very explicit. Jabir' s father was among those who were killed that day, and he knew what few besides him knew. . . . .

     

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    I) CONDOLENCES

    It is a Muslim's duty to offer condolences, comfort, and sympathy to the family and the relatives of the deceased. This strengthens the relationships within the Muslim community.

    When offering condolences, words should be chosen carefully and said gently to convey sympathy and to encourage the family and the relatives of the deceased to accept Allah's will and to help them to get back to their normal life.

    Condolences may be offered to the family and to the relatives of the deceased before, during or after burial for up to three days, but it may be offered even at later time if someone did not hear about it or he was far away.

    It is recommended to leave after offering condolences to give the family time to take care of their other affairs, assistance may be offered for anything the family may need, and one may stay to help, if asked.

    Some families hold gatherings for three days or more, and hire people to recite Quran loudly. While the Quran is recited, others eat, drink or talk, disregarding the rules of listening to the Quran, and inflicting the family with high expenses.

    It is Sunnah that friends, neighbors and relatives prepare food for the family of the deceased, for the loss of the loved one occupies the family's whole attention.

    J) THE EDDA (WAITING PERIOD) OF MUSLIM WIDOWS (FEMALES)

    Upon hearing the news of the death of her husband, a Muslim wife should be steadfast and patient. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " Patience (Endurance ) is to be present from the first shock " (Muslim).

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " Allah says: I have no better reward than Paradise for a believer servant of Mine who is patient and resigned when I take away one of his/her beloved, one among those he/she most cherishes in the world " (Bukhari).

    She should accept all that Allah plans for her and her family with sincerity and patience, as Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " When a person suffers from some calamity and supplicates: ' Inna lil-la-he wa inna ilay he ra je oon',' to Allah we belong and to Allah shall we return', O Allah make good the loss in this calamity, and grant me something good, Allah then compensates him/her for the loss, and give a better substitute" (Muslim).

    It is prohibited to express grief by wailing, shrieking, beating the chest or cheeks, tearing hair or clothes, or saying phrases that makes a Muslim lose faith.

    Um Atiyyah reports : " The Messenger of Allah made us pledge that we will not wail over the dead" (Bukhari & Muslim). {see page 8,9}.

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said : " I detest a woman who cries out very loudly, or shaves her hair, or tears her clothes when a beloved one dies " (Bukhari & Muslim).

    She may cry, as the Prophet did when his son died. He said :" The eyes are shedding tears and the heart is grieved, and we will not say except what pleases our Lord" (Bukhari).

    Allah in the Quran prescribed the Edda (Waiting period) for those wives whose husbands die : " And those of you who die and leave wives behind them, they (The wives) shall wait for four months and ten days "(Quran 2:234 see also 2:240 ).

    Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) said in an authentic Hadith : "It is prohibited for a woman who believes in Allah and the day of judgment to mourn a dead person more than three days except her husband, in which case it is four months and ten days" (Bukhari).

    Edda is prescribed for widows in order to mourn the death of their husbands, observe their memory, fulfill any obligations toward them, and to see if the widow is pregnant or not.

    Bequests for the widow.
    Quran 2:240.
    Those of you who die and leave widows should bequeath for their widows a year's maintenance and residence; but if they leave (the residence) there is no blame on you for what they do with themselves provided it is reasonable and Allah is Exalted in Power Wise.

    In the following authentic Hadith, Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) explains the way that she should conduct herself during this time.

    Um Atiyyah reported that the Messenger of Allah said : "A woman should not mourn for any deceased person for more than three days, except in the case of her husband's death, which she may mourn for a period of four months and ten days. Such a woman in mourning is not to wear any fancy, bright clothes, but only plain clothes, not use any adornment or make-up, nor use perfume, nor die her hands or feet with Henna " (Bukhari & Muslim).

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     DURATION OF EDDA
    The duration of the widow's waiting period which is stated in Quran 2:234 should not be confused with the divorced woman's waiting period stated in Quran 65:4 which is
    four lunar months and 10 days or until delivery, if pregnant.

    Surah: 65. Talaaq
    At-Talaq is not only the name of this Surah but also the title of its subject matter, for it contains statements about Talaq (divorce) itself.
    65-4 Such of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses for them the prescribed period if ye have any doubt is three months and for those who have no courses (it is the same): for those who carry (life within their wombs) their period is until they deliver their burdens: and for those who fear Allah He will make their path easy.
    65-5 That is the Command of Allah which He has sent down to you: and if anyone fears Allah He will remove his ills from him and will enlarge His reward.

    Surah: 2. Baqara
    2-234 If any of you die and leave widows behind they shall wait concerning themselves four months and ten days: when they have fulfilled their term there is no blame on you if they dispose of themselves in a just and reasonable manner. And Allah is well acquainted with what ye do.
    2-235 There is no blame on you if ye make an offer of betrothal or hold it in your hearts. Allah knows that ye cherish them in your hearts: but do not make a secret contract with them except in terms honorable nor resolve on the tie of marriage till the term prescribed is fulfilled. And know that Allah knoweth what is in your hearts and take heed of Him; and know that Allah is Oft Forgiving Most Forbearing.

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    K) REWARDS AFTER DEATH

    While the life span of a Muslim is short, and deeds and actions stop after death, a Muslim may continue to earn rewards for certain things even after his death.

    In this respect the Prophet (P.B.U.H) said : "After the death of a person his actions stop, except three things that he leaves behind : First continuos charity, Second a knowledge from which some benefit may be obtained, Third a virtuous son who makes Dua' (Pray, supplicate) on his behalf " (Muslim).

    Charity will benefit the deceased, as the following Hadiths show : " A man came to the Prophet (P.B.U.H) and asked him : " My father died leaving wealth but no will, would he be pardoned if a charity is given on his behalf ?", the Prophet (P.B.U.H) answered: "Yes" (Muslim).

    1) Charity; Continuous Charity ;

    2) A knowledge left by the deceased from which some benefit may be obtained;

    3) A virtuous son or daughter who makes.

    People put flowers, candles, food, perfume, on the grave all of this will not benefit the deceased.

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    L) VISITING THE CEMETERY

    In the beginning of Islam, Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) advised Muslim males not to visit the cemeteries, but after that he the Prophet(P.B.U.H.) gave them the permission to visit the cemetery to remind them of the hereafter.

    This is based on the Hadith of the Prophet (P.B.U.H.) : " I advised you not to visit the cemetery, but from now you may visit the cemetery, it will remind you of the hereafter " ( Muslim).

    All scholars have no dispute about the point that it is prohibited for Muslim females to frequently visit the cemetery. This is due to the authentic Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) who said : " May Allah curse the women who are frequently visiting the cemetery " (Authentic, Termithi).

    But if the visit is not frequent , most scholars say it is Makrouh ( Hated action ), while other scholars say it is permissible for Muslim females to visit the cemetery provided that the visit is not frequent and it is for the sole purpose of remembering death and hereafter.

    When Muslim females visit the cemetery, they should wear proper clothes, no make-up or perfume, they should not cry loudly or say words of discontent or behave unislamically .

    The purpose of visiting the cemetery is to remember the fact that everyone is going to die and that we must prepare for the day of judgment.

     NOTE:

    There is no Islamic teaching of visiting the grave after three days, or seven days, or twenty days, or forty days.

    There is no Islamic teaching of visiting the grave of the parents every Friday.

    There is no Islamic teaching of visiting the grave any special days such as Eid days, Ashura day, or Ramadan.

    There is no Islamic teaching of reading the Quran during the visit to the cemetery.

    There is no Islamic teaching of wiping hands over the grave, or kissing the grave.

    THIS IS ONLY A QUICK LOOK AT THIS FINAL JOURNEY. A MATURE PERSON BEFORE TAKING ANY TRIP SHOULD PREPARE ALL THAT IS NEEDED TO HAVE A SAFE JOURNEY, AND SINCE NO ONE KNOWS WHEN THIS JOURNEY WILL START, THEN IT BECOMES LOGICAL TO GET READY RIGHT AWAY.

    PROPHET MUHAMMAD (P.B.U.H.) SAID IN AN AUTHENTIC HADITH " BE IN THIS WORLD AS A TRAVELER OR STRANGER "
    (BUKHARI).

    ALLAH SAYS IN THE QURAN: " EVERYONE SHALL TASTE DEATH. AND ONLY ON THE DAY OF RESURRECTION SHALL YOU BE PAID YOUR WAGES IN FULL. AND WHOEVER IS REMOVED AWAY FROM THE FIRE AND ADMITTED TO THE PARADISE, INDEED THIS PERSON ATTAINED SUCCESS, AND THIS LIFE IS ONLY ENJOYMENT OF DECEPTION " (QURAN 29:57).

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     M) REFERENCES

    The Holy Quran, English translation of the meaning of the Quran, Saudi Arabia.

    Interpretation of the Meaning of the Noble Quran in the English language, Saudi Arabia .

    Sahih Al-Bukhari, Muhammad Muhsin Khan, Beirut, Lebanon.

    Sahih Muslim, Abdul Hamid Siddiqi, Lahore , Pakistan.

    Riyadh-Us-Saleheen, Imam An-Nawawi, S.M.Madani Abbasi, Saudi Arabia.

    Fiqh Us-Sunnah, As-Sayyid Sabiq, Saudi Arabia.

    Ahkam Al-Janahiz, M.Naser Al-Deen Al-Albani, Jordan .

    Funeral Regulations in Islam, Muslim World League, Saudi Arabia.

    Al-Moghni, Ibn Qudama, Saudi Arabia.


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    From different parts of the world.
    The deceased is taken to the cemetery according to local regulation, usually in a coffin also called the casket or the transit crate.
    Depending on the circumstances of the day, the deceased is removed from the coffin and lowered into the grave, by hand, using a sheet, by other means, then it is placed the proper way, the coffin is re-used over and over again.
    In other parts of the world the coffin is buried with the deceased.



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